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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the prescription of packed red blood cells performed by emergency physicians for adults with sickle cell anemia. METHODS: Transfusions performed in adults with sickle cell anemia treated at an emergency service in São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Brazil, between January 2018 and January 2022 were evaluated. For data comparison, the chi-square2 test was used. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A total of 114 transfusions were performed. The mean age was 41.8±16.4 years, and pretransfusion hemoglobin was 6.1±1.23 g/dL. Regarding the indication, the adequacy of transfusions performed in symptomatic individuals was significantly higher compared to asymptomatic individuals (100% vs. 3.9%, p<0.001). Symptomatic individuals received excessive volumes of packed red blood cells less frequently than asymptomatic individuals (17.5% vs. 56.9%, p<0.001). The filtered subtype, indicated for sickle cell anemia, was prescribed in only a quarter of the patients. However, non-indicated subtypes were frequently prescribed. CONCLUSION: This study found low adequacy in the indication and calculation of the transfusion volume of packed red blood cells in asymptomatic individuals. Few patients received filtered red blood cells, resulting in increased risks of transfusion reactions. On the contrary, non-indicated subtypes were prescribed in a quarter of transfusions, which resulted in higher costs and delay in receiving packed red blood cells.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Classic coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery involves diastolic cardiac arrest under cardiopulmonary bypass, while off-pump CABG (OPCABG) has become widespread in recent years. Methods: 174 patients who underwent OPCABG were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n=90) received ivabradine and Group M (n=84) received metoprolol before surgery until postoperative day 10. Intraoperative arrhythmias and hypotension were recorded. Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) and arrhythmia, mortality and morbidity rates were assessed based on the 30-day postoperative follow-up. Results: There were no significant differences in the intraoperative amount of inotropic support and red blood cell transfusion between groups (P=0.87 and P=0.31). However, the rates of intraoperative arrhythmias and hypotension were not significantly higher in Group M (P=0.317 and P=0.47). Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) was observed in 2 patients in both groups. Postoperative AF occurred in 7 patients (7.7%) in Group I and in 10 patients (11.9%) in Group M. Although there was a trend towards a higher prevalence of AF in Group M patients, this did not reach statistical significance. In addition, mortality and morbidity rates were comparable between groups.
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Objetivos. Avaliar o impacto da automação na fenotipagem eritrocitária expandida e o nível de concordância dessa com a metodologia manual em amostras de doadores de sangue atendidos no hemocentro coordenador da Fundação HEMOPA no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Material e Métodos. Foram analisadas 2.700 fenotipagens eritrocitárias realizadas por metodologia manual e automatizada através do equipamento IH500 da BioRad®. Os resultados foram testados quanto ao nível de concordância através do teste de Coeficiente Kappa. Resultados. Das amostras fenotipadas 98,6% (2.662/2.700) foram concordantes em ambas as metodologias e apenas 1,4% (38/2700) foram discordantes. Das 38 amostras discordantes 31,6% referiram-se ao fenótipo Lu(b); 15,8% ao fenótipo Lu(a); 13,1% ao fenótipo Fy(b); 7,9% aos fenótipos Le(b), E, c; 5,3% aos fenótipos N, S, s, Kp(a), P1; e 2,6% aos fenótipos M, Jk(a), Jk(b), Fy(a). Conclusões. O nível de concordância entre os dados obtidos através das técnicas de fenotipagem eritrocitária manual e automatizada foi de 98,6%. Já a implantação dessa metodologia teve um impacto positivo com o aumento em 1.649 amostras processadas a mais em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior. [au]
Objective. Evaluate the impact of automation on expanded erythrocyte phenotyping and the level of agreement between it and the manual methodology in samples from blood donors treated at the blood center coordinating the Fundação HEMOPA from january to december 2019. Material and Methods. 2,700 erythrocyte phenotyping performed by manual and automated methodology using BioRad® IH500 equipment was analyzed. The results were tested for the level of agreement using the Kappa Coefficient test. Results. Of the phenotyped samples, 98,6% (2,662 / 2,700) were in agreement in both methodologies and only 1,4% (38/2700) were in disagreement. Of the 38 discordant samples, 31,6% referred to the Lu(b) phenotype; 15,8% to the Lu(a) phenotype; 13,1% to the Fy phenotype (b); 7,9% to Le(b), E, c phenotypes; 5,3% to N, S, s, Kp (a), P1 phenotypes; and 2,6% for phenotypes M, Jk(a), Jk(b), Fy(a). Conclusions. The level of agreement between data obtained through manual and automated erythrocyte phenotyping techniques was 98.6%. The implementation of this methodology had a positive impact, with an increase of 1,649 more processed samples compared to the same period of the previous year. [au]
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate incidence and free time of peripherally inserted central catheter obstruction in newborns undergoing red blood cell transfusion in the first 24 hours after the procedure. Methods: a longitudinal study, carried out with neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a teaching hospital in Paraná, between January and July 2019. The sample consisted of 46 transfusion events performed in neonates through a peripherally inserted central catheter. Analysis performed according to descriptive statistics. Results: thirty-one catheters were analyzed, inserted in 24 neonates, through which 46 red blood cell transfusions were performed. Most neonates were male, gestational age <32 weeks, weight <1,500 grams, hospitalized mainly for prematurity. Among the 31 catheters, one (3.2%) presented obstruction after transfusion. Conclusions: The occurrence of obstructions immediately after transfusion was low and the catheters remained complication free for the next 24 hours.
RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la incidencia y el tiempo libre de obstrucción del catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacido sometidos a transfusión de glóbulos rojos en las primeras 24 horas después del procedimiento. Métodos: estudio longitudinal, realizado con neonatos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital escuela de Paraná, entre enero y julio de 2019. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 46 eventos transfusionales realizados en neonatos a través de un catéter central de inserción periférica. Análisis realizado según estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se analizaron 31 catéteres, insertados en 24 neonatos, a través de los cuales se realizaron 46 transfusiones de glóbulos rojos. La mayoría de los recién nacidos eran varones, edad gestacional <32 semanas, peso <1.500 gramos, hospitalizados principalmente por prematuridad. Entre los 31 catéteres, uno (3,2%) presentó obstrucción 15 minutos después del final después de la transfusión. Conclusiones: La ocurrencia de obstrucciones inmediatamente después de la transfusión fue baja y los catéteres permanecieron libres de complicaciones durante las siguientes 24 horas.
RESUMO Objetivos: estimar incidência e tempo livre de obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos submetidos à transfusão de hemácias nas primeiras 24 horas após o procedimento. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, realizado com neonatos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal em hospital de ensino do Paraná, entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Amostra foi composta por 46 eventos de transfusões realizadas em neonatos pelo cateter central de inserção periférica. Análise realizada segundo estatística descritiva. Resultados: foram analisados 31 cateteres, inseridos em 24 neonatos, por meio dos quais foram realizadas 46 transfusões de hemácias. A maioria dos neonatos era do sexo masculino, idade gestacional <32 semanas, peso <1.500 gramas, internados principalmente por prematuridade. Dentre os 31 cateteres, um (3,2%) apresentou obstrução após a transfusão. Conclusões: A ocorrência de obstruções imediatamente após transfusão foi baixa e os cateteres permaneceram livres da complicação nas 24h seguintes.
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RESUMO Considera-se que a transfusão de eritrócitos melhora a respiração celular durante o choque séptico. Contudo, seu impacto agudo no transporte e no metabolismo de oxigênio nessa condição ainda é amplamente debatido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da transfusão de eritrócitos na microcirculação e no metabolismo do oxigênio em pacientes com sepse e choque séptico. Conduzimos um levantamento nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, Elsevier e Scopus. Incluímos estudos realizados com seres humanos adultos com sepse e choque séptico. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise com utilização do modelo de efeitos aleatórios de DerSimonian e Laird. Consideramos significante valor de p < 0,05. Incluíram-se na análise 19 manuscritos, correspondentes a 428 pacientes. As transfusões de eritrócitos se associaram com aumento de 3,7% na média combinada de saturação venosa mista de oxigênio (p < 0,001), diminuição de razão de extração de oxigênio de -6,98 (p < 0,001) e nenhum efeito significante no índice cardíaco (0,02 L/minuto; p = 0,96). Obtiveram-se resultados similares em estudos que incluíram mensurações simultâneas de saturação venosa mista de oxigênio, razão de extração de oxigênio e índice cardíaco. As transfusões de eritrócitos levaram a aumento significante na proporção de pequenos vasos perfundidos (2,85%; p = 0,553), enquanto os parâmetros de oxigenação tissular revelaram aumento significante no índice de hemoglobina tissular (1,66; p = 0,018). Estudos individuais relataram melhoras significantes na oxigenação tissular e nos parâmetros microcirculatórios sublinguais em pacientes com microcirculação alterada na avaliação inicial. A transfusão de eritrócitos pareceu melhorar o metabolismo sistêmico de oxigênio com aparente independência de variações no débito cardíaco. Observaram-se alguns efeitos benéficos para a oxigenação tissular e parâmetros microcirculatórios, em particular em pacientes com alterações iniciais mais graves. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar seu impacto clínico e individualizar as decisões relativas à transfusão.
ABSTRACT Red blood cell transfusion is thought to improve cell respiration during septic shock. Nevertheless, its acute impact on oxygen transport and metabolism in this condition remains highly debatable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of red blood cell transfusion on microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in patients with sepsis and septic shock. We conducted a search in the MEDLINE®, Elsevier and Scopus databases. We included studies conducted in adult humans with sepsis and septic shock. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Nineteen manuscripts with 428 patients were included in the analysis. Red blood cell transfusions were associated with an increase in the pooled mean venous oxygen saturation of 3.7% (p < 0.001), a decrease in oxygen extraction ratio of -6.98 (p < 0.001) and had no significant effect on the cardiac index (0.02L/minute; p = 0,96). Similar results were obtained in studies including simultaneous measurements of venous oxygen saturation, oxygen extraction ratio, and cardiac index. Red blood cell transfusions led to a significant increase in the proportion of perfused small vessels (2.85%; p = 0.553), while tissue oxygenation parameters revealed a significant increase in the tissue hemoglobin index (1.66; p = 0.018). Individual studies reported significant improvements in tissue oxygenation and sublingual microcirculatory parameters in patients with deranged microcirculation at baseline. Red blood cell transfusions seemed to improve systemic oxygen metabolism with apparent independence from cardiac index variations. Some beneficial effects have been observed for tissue oxygenation and microcirculation parameters, particularly in patients with more severe alterations at baseline. More studies are necessary to evaluate their clinical impact and to individualize transfusion decisions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Shock, Septic/therapy , Sepsis/therapy , Oxygen , Erythrocyte Transfusion , MicrocirculationABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the effects of different blood sampling methods on the incidence of iatrogenic blood loss, anemia, transfusion, and complications in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) during hospitalization.Method:A retrospective analysis was performed on VLBWIs (birth weight <1 500 g) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Second Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei province, from January 2014 to December 2018. According to the first blood sampling method, these infants were subjected to the umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood groups. Blood sampling, transfusion, complications, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Independent samples t-test, rank-sum test, and Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Totally 240 neonates enrolled, including 104 cases in the umbilical cord blood group and 136 in the peripheral blood group. There was no statistical significance in the general information and blood test results for the first time between the two groups. (2)The blood volume collected in the first week in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [6.5 ml (1-23 ml) and 10 ml (1-30 ml), Z=－4.706, P<0.01]. Differences between the two groups in the blood volume at 2-9 weeks were insignificant (all P>0.05). The number of blood collection procedures in each of the first four weeks after birth in the umbilical cord blood group was less than that in the peripheral blood group ( Z value was－9.124,－2.272,－4.688, and－2.017, respectively, all P<0.05), but no statistical difference was found at the fifth week ( P>0.05). The time of the first red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) in the umbilical cord blood group was later than that in the peripheral blood group [4 weeks (1-7 weeks) vs 3 weeks (1-5 weeks), Z=－2.839, P<0.05]. The proportion of infants who have received RBCT twice or more times in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [39.7% (25/63) vs 56.8% (50/88), χ2=4.312, P<0.05]. The rate of RBCT during the first three weeks in the umbilical cord blood group was lower than that in the peripheral blood group [34.9% (22/63) vs 59.1% (52/88), χ2=8.583, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the volume of RBCT per time, adverse reactions after transfusion, and the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit before and after the first RBCT between the two groups. (3) The incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) and their outcomes were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Blood sampling methods show no significant effect on the total incidence of anemia and RBCT in VLBWIs during hospitalization. Umbilical cord blood sampling may delay the first RBCT time of VLBWIs and reduce the rate of RBCT in the first three weeks, but do not affect the incidence of complications.
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Abstract Objective: To compare immediate postoperative results in patients receiving heparin-albumin-coated and non-coated circuits. Methods: A total of 241 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery were divided into two groups: those receiving heparin-coated circuits (Bioline®, Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG., Hirrlingen, Germany) and those receiving non-coated circuits (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG., Hirrlingen, Germany). Results: Activated clotting times (ACT) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were significantly shorter in the heparin-albumin-coated group than in the non-coated group (355.64±34.12 vs. 560.38±90.20, respectively, P=0.001). In-hospital mortality and postoperative stroke rates and lengths of intensive care unit stay were similar between the groups; in contrast, in the heparin-albumin-coated group, patients had significantly better outcomes for hospital stay, drainage, and need for erythrocyte transfusion. Conclusion: Heparin-coated circuits and reduced level of systemic heparinization with 300 seconds of target ACT level in cardiac surgery under CPB are safe and result in a very satisfactory clinical course.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Heparin , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Drainage , Length of StayABSTRACT
Introducción La medicina transfusional desarrolla y difunde pautas que rigen las condiciones óptimas para transfundir. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la evidencia que existe actualmente en relación con el uso de hemocomponentes. Los temas abordados son fisiopatología, transfusión de glóbulos rojos, corrección profiláctica de las coagulopatías, reversión del efecto de coumadínicos y desencadenantes fisiológicos de la transfusión. Métodos Se utilizaron los portales web y bases de datos de PubMed, Scholar Google, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Cochrane, además de documentos oficiales publicados en la Sociedad Chilena de Hematología. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos 10 años, de los cuales, 42 respondieron a los objetivos planteados para esta revisión narrativa de literatura. Conclusión En primer lugar, existe controversia entre dos tipos de estrategias al momento de abordar la práctica transfusional de glóbulos rojos: una estrategia liberal y una estrategia restrictiva. En segundo lugar, para el manejo de las coagulopatías, los tiempos de la coagulación no reflejan la verdadera capacidad de coagular de los pacientes. En tercer lugar, para revertir el efecto de coumadínicos, bastaría con la administración de vitamina K por sobre el uso de plasma fresco congelado. En cuarto lugar, el uso de desencadenantes fisiológicos evaluaría el momento óptimo para poder transfundir.
Introduction Transfusion medicine develops and disseminates guidelines that govern the optimal conditions for transfusion. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence on the use of blood components. Methods We searched PubMed, Scholar Google, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Cochrane web portals, as well as official documents published in the Chilean Society of Hematology. Articles from the last ten years were included, of which 42 were appropriate for this narrative literature review. Conclusion First of all, there is a controversy between two types of strategies regarding the practice of red blood cell transfusion: a liberal strategy and a restrictive strategy. Second, for the management of coagulopathies, clotting times do not reflect the true ability of patients to clot. Third, to reverse the effect of coumadin, the administration of vitamin K would suffice over the use of fresh frozen plasma. Fourth, the use of physiological triggers could help define the best time for a transfusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Erythrocyte Transfusion , ChileABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction About 10% of sickle cell anemia patients will have ischemic stroke. Adams showed stroke incidence reduction in children receiving monthly erythrocyte transfusions by reducing transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities. Since then, chronic transfusion is recommended as primary stroke prophylaxis. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of chronic transfusions as stroke prophylaxis. Method Retrospective study, reviewing medical records from 15 sickle cell anemia patients undergoing chronic transfusion. Data collected were age, sex, adverse reactions, stroke, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, ferritin, HbS and TCD values (baseline, after 12 and 24 months of treatment). Results The mean age was 118.67 ± 41.40 months; six patients experienced allergic reactions. No stroke was recorded. One patient had alloimmunization. There was a decrease in the HbS rate and an increase in hemoglobin values in the first 12 months. Values were maintained after 24 months, but with no improvement of data. Before treatment, the mean HbS rate was 75.18%±11.69; after 12 months, 41.63 ± 14.99 and after 24 months, 43.78 ± 10.6. Thirteen patients initiated chelation after 12 months from the beginning of chronic transfusions and ferritin decline after 24 months. Pre-transfusional TCD velocities were 204.28 ± 9.41 cm/s (right) and 198.85 ± 33.37 cm/s (left). After a 12-month treatment, these values were 158.5 ± 28.89 cm/s and 157.62 ± 34.43 cm/s, respectively, and this reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.002 right and p = 0.02 left). After 24 months, these values were 149.63 ± 26.95 cm/s (right) and 143.7 ± 32.27 cm/s (left). Conclusion Significant reduction of TCD velocity occurred after treatment with chronic transfusion in sickle cell anemia patients, leading to a normal or conditional test and reducing stroke risk in all but one patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Stroke , Anemia, Sickle CellABSTRACT
Objetivo: Os concentrados de hemácias não estão livres de lesões de estoque, sendo a mais comum a lise das hemácias. Criar uma escala colorimétrica para inspeção visual do grau de hemólise de concentrados de hemácias. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 102 bolsas de concentrados de hemácias (n=36), concentrados de hemácias pobres em leucócitos (n=36) ou de concentrados de hemácias desleucotizadas (n=36), com até 28 dias da produção, em condições padrões de armazenamento e da rotina da Fundação Hemopa. Os valores de hemoglobina e hematócrito foram lidos em contador automatizado. O grau de hemólise foi realizado em amostras de 5 mL do segmento das bolsas, com leitura em espectrofotômetro. O teste de hemólise foi realizado com três gotas de amostras do segmento das bolsas, em tubo seco, adição de 4 mL de solução fisiológica, centrifugação e inspeção visual do sobrenadante (estudo duplo-cego). Para a confecção da escala colorimétrica foram utilizados os resultados de grau de hemólise e teste de hemólise (n=36) e registro fotográfico dos vários níveis de grau de hemólise das bolsas. Para a validação da escala colorimétrica foram realizados grau de hemólise e teste de hemólise para as bolsas restantes (n=66), e com os resultados comparados com a escala proposta (estudo duplo-cego). Resultados: Apenas 7,5% (5/66) das bolsas testadas foram negativas para o teste de hemólise clássico (visual), e positivas quando reavaliadas na escala colorimétrica proposta. Conclusão: A escala colorimétrica proposta mostrou-se simples e reproduzível para definição de teste de hemólise e o grau de hemólise para concentrados de hemácias.
Objective: Red blood cell (RBC) concentrates are not free of stock lesions, the most common of which is lysis of RBC. Create a colorimetric scale for visual inspection of the degree of hemolysis of bag red blood cells. Methods: Eighty-two bags of RBC concentrates (n = 36), RBC concentrates poor in leukocytes (n = 36) or RBC concentrates desleucotizadas (n = 36) were used with up to 28 days of production, under standard storage conditions of the Hemopa Foundation routine. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were read in automated counter. The degree of hemolysis performed in 5ml samples from the bag segment, with spectrophotometer reading. The hemolysis test was performed with three drops of bag segment samples, in a dry tube, addition of 4 mL of physiological solution, centrifugation and visual inspection of the supernatant (double-blind study). To prepare the colorimetric scale used was the degree of hemolysis and hemolysis test results (n = 36) and photographic records of multiple levels of degree of hemolysis of bags. For the validation of the Colorimetric scale, hemolysis degree and hemolysis test were performed for the remaining bags (n = 66), and the results were compared with the proposed scale (double-blind study). Results: Only 7.5% (5/66) of the tested bags were negative for the classical (visual) hemolysis test, and positive when reevaluated on the proposed colorimetric scale. Conclusion: The proposed colorimetric scale was simple and reproducible for the definition of hemolysis test and the degree of hemolysis for RBC concentrates.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion , Hemotherapy Service , HemolysisABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adequacy of the prescription of red cell concentrates by emergency physicians. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on the survey of transfusion requests records completed by emergency physicians, from May/2018 to April/2019, in an emergency hospital. Adequacy in the indication, volume, and subtype (filtered, irradiated, and washed) of prescribed erythrocytes were evaluated. To compare the qualitative data, we used the χ2 test. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS One thousand and twenty-two transfusions were evaluated. The indication, volume, and subtypes were correct in 72.7%, 45.9%, and 81.6% respectively. Transfusion in symptomatic patients presented superior adequacy when compared to asymptomatic individuals with significant statistical difference (indication: 79,6% vs 67.2%, p <0.001; Volume: 63.5% vs 31.7%, p <0.001; subtype: 85.3% vs 78.7%, p 0.006). Among clinical situations, there were more errors in sepsis (39.7%) and pneumonia (36.3%). More than half of the prescriptions presented excessive volume, raising the risk of circulatory overload, observing that the mean age was 60.6 years. The specific analysis of the prescribed subtypes showed adequacy of 17.9% in the filtered, 1.7% in the irradiated, and none in the washed. Thirty transfusions should have been filtered, but the prescriber did not request the subtype. CONCLUSION One hypothesis for the observed inaccuracies is inadequate medical training on the subject, both in undergraduate and medical residency, associated with a lack of continuing education on transfusion protocols. The transfusion Committee received the results of this study with a proposal for continuing education measures on transfusion hemotherapy.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a adequação da prescrição de concentrados de hemácias por médicos emergencistas. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal por levantamento de fichas de requisição de transfusões preenchidas por médicos emergencistas, no período de maio de 2018 a abril de 2019, em um hospital de emergências. Foram avaliadas as adequações na indicação, volume e subtipo (filtradas, irradiadas e lavadas) de hemácias prescritas. Para comparação dos dados qualitativos, utilizamos o teste de χ2. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS Foram avaliadas 1.022 transfusões. A indicação, o volume e os subtipos estavam corretos em 72,7%, 45,9% e 81,6%, respectivamente. A transfusão prescrita em pacientes sintomáticos apresentou adequação superior quando comparada aos assintomáticos, com diferença estatística significativa (indicação: 79,6% vs 67,2% - p<0,001; volume: 63,5% vs 31,7% - p<0,001; subtipo: 85,3% vs 78,7% - p 0,006). Entre as situações clínicas, ocorreram mais erros na sepse (39,7%) e pneumonia (36,3%). Mais da metade das prescrições apresentavam volume excessivo, elevando o risco de sobrecarga circulatória, observando-se que a média da idade foi 60,6 anos. A análise específica dos subtipos prescritos apresentou adequação de 17,9% nas filtradas, 1,7% nas irradiadas e nenhuma das lavadas. Trinta transfusões deveriam ter sido filtradas, porém o prescritor não solicitou o subtipo. CONCLUSÃO Uma hipótese para as incorreções observadas é a formação médica inadequada sobre o assunto, tanto na graduação como na residência médica, associada à falta de atualização nos protocolos transfusionais. O comitê transfusional recebeu os resultados deste estudo com proposta de medidas de educação permanente sobre hemoterapia transfusional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Blood Transfusion , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emergency Medical Services , Erythrocytes , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the level of knowledge of emergency pediatricians on red blood cell transfusions and their reactions. Methods Written survey with emergency pediatricians from a pediatric hospital. Results Less than 20% of pediatricians showed appropriate knowledge on prescribing red blood cells and recognition of transfusion reactions. There was no significant statistical regarding time since graduation and blood transfusion classes in undergraduate studies or during medical residency. Conclusion Pediatricians have insufficient knowledge about red blood cell transfusions and recognition of transfusion reactions.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento de pediatras emergencistas sobre transfusão de concentrados de hemácias e reações transfusionais. Métodos Aplicação de formulário para pediatras emergencistas de um hospital pediátrico. Resultados Menos de 20% dos participantes demonstraram conhecimento adequado sobre prescrição de concentrados de hemácias e reconhecimento de reações transfusionais. Não houve diferença estatística significativa quando avaliados o tempo de formação profissional e o fato de ter recebido aula de hemoterapia na graduação ou na residência médica. Conclusão Os pediatras têm conhecimento insuficiente sobre prescrição de concentrados de hemácias e reconhecimento de reações transfusionais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Transfusion Reaction , Erythrocytes , PediatriciansABSTRACT
Introducción: La principal causa de mortalidad temprana en pacientes politraumatizados es la hipovolemia secundaria a hemorragia masiva. La terapia con hemocomponentes y cristaloides constituye un mecanismo esencial y salvavidas en estas situaciones como medida de reemplazo de volumen. De la misma manera los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas graves tienen una disminución aguda significativa en el recuento de plaquetas circulantes que los hace candidatos a la transfusión de componentes plaquetarios; sin embargo, el uso de estos componentes sanguíneos puede traer consigo desenlaces no deseados como aumento en la mortalidad. Si bien muchos estudios revelan un aumento de la mortalidad como desenlace asociado al uso de hemocomponentes, otros establecen su uso como una medida reductora de este desenlace. Objetivo: Exponer las principales indicaciones de hemocomponentes en los pacientes politraumatizados, así como relacionar los eventos adversos asociados a su uso que influyen sobre la mortalidad y el tiempo de hospitalización de estos pacientes. Desarrollo: La mortalidad asociada al uso de hemocomponentes aún es un tema controvertido. En la hemorragia masiva el apoyo transfusional rápido y eficiente es esencial en el tratamiento y la atención de politraumatismos, de ahí que sea necesario contar con protocolos de transfusión que mejoren los resultados y disminuyan las complicaciones. Además, se identificó la necesidad de nuevos estudios sobre el tema para mejorar estos protocolos y reducir las complicaciones.(AU)
Introduction: The main cause of early mortality in polytrauma patients is hypovolemia secondary to massive hemorrhage. Hemocomponent and crystalloid therapy is an essential and life-saving mechanism in these situations as a measure of volume replacement. In the same way, patients with severe traumatic injuries have a significant acute decrease in circulating platelet counts that makes them candidates for transfusion of platelet components; However, the use of these blood components can lead to unwanted outcomes such as increased mortality. Although many studies reveal an increase in mortality as an outcome associated with the use of blood components, others establish its use as a reducing measure of this outcome. Objective: to present the main indications of blood components in polytrauma patients, as well as to relate the adverse events associated with their use that influence the mortality and hospitalization time of these patients. Devlopment: Mortality associated with the use of blood components is still a controversial issue. In massive hemorrhage, rapid and efficient transfusion support is essential in the treatment and care of polytrauma, hence it is necessary to have transfusion protocols that improve results and reduce complications. In addition, the need for new studies on the subject to improve these protocols and reduce complications was identified(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Blood Component Transfusion/methods , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Blood Component Transfusion/adverse effects , Emergency MedicineABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion on T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer during perioperative period.@*Methods@#50 patients with gastric cancer in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were randomly divided into control group (n=25) and observation group (n=25). Perioperative allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion was performed in the observation group, while no allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion was performed in the control group. Blood samples were taken from two groups before and after operation 3 d, and serum T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+ ) and NK cell levels were measured. T cell subsets and NK cell levels of patients in observation group, control group and observation group at different clinical stages before and after operation were counted. According to blood transfusion volume, the patients in the observation group were divided into <4 U group and <4 U group. T cell subsets and NK cell levels before and after operation were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells between the two groups before operation (P>0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in the two groups after operation were lower than those before operation and CD8+ levels were higher than those before operation. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the levels of CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ had no significant difference before operation (P>0.05). After operation, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in the two groups were lower and CD8+ levels were higher than those before operation. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients were higher than those in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients, and CD8+ levels were lower than those in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients (P< 0.05); There was no significant difference in the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells between the <4 U group and <4 U group before operation (P>0.05). After operation, the levels of CD8+ in the two groups were higher than those before operation, while the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells were lower than those before operation; The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+, NK cells in the <4 U group were higher than those in >4 U group, and CD8+ levels were lower than those in >4 U group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion can affect T cell subsets and NK cell content in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer, and there are some differences in the effects of different clinical stages of gastric cancer patients, which can cause the suppression of cellular immune function.
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Objective To investigate the effect of allogeneic red blood cell transfusion on T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer during perioperative period.Methods 50 patients with gastric cancer in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were randomly divided into control group (n =25) and observation group (n =25).Perioperative allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion was performed in the observation group,while no allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion was performed in the control group.Blood samples were taken from two groups before and after operation 3 d,and serum T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 +/CD8 +) and NK cell levels were measured.T cell subsets and NK cell levels of patients in observation group,control group and observation group at different clinical stages before and after operation were counted.According to blood transfusion volume,the patients in the observation group were divided into ＜ 4 U group and ＜ 4 U group.T cell subsets and NK cell levels before and after operation were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,NK cells between the two groups before operation (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in the two groups after operation were lower than those before operation and CD8 + levels were higher than those before operation.The levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the levels of CD8 + in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05).The levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ had no significant difference before operation (P ＞0.05).After operation,the levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in the two groups were lower and CD8 + levels were higher than those before operation.The levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients were higher than those in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients,and CD8 + levels were lower than those in stage Ⅲl-Ⅳ patients (P ＜ 0.05);There was no significant difference in the levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 + /CD8 +,NK cells between the ＜ 4 U group and ＜ 4 U group before operation (P ＞ 0.05).After operation,the levels of CD8 + in the two groups were higher than those before operation,while the levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells were lower than those before operation;The levels of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +,NK cells in the ＜ 4 U group were higher than those in ＞ 4 U group,and CD8 + levels were lower than those in ＞ 4 U group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion can affect T cell subsets and NK cell content in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer,and there are some differences in the effects of different clinical stages of gastric cancer patients,which can cause the suppression of cellular immune function.
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Summary Objective: To verify the adequacy of red blood cell (RBC) prescription to pediatric patients in different sectors of a pediatric hospital. Method: A retrospective study was conducted including 837/990 RBC transfusion requisition forms for children and adolescents (0 to 13 years old) filed in between January 2007 and April 2015 by the pediatricians of the emergency room (ER), infirmary ward and intensive care unit (pICU). Transfusion requisition forms belonging to patients with chronic anemia or acute hemorrhage, as well as incompletes requisition forms, were excluded. Results: Trigger, prescribed volume and subtype of RBC concentrates were adequate in 532 (65.3%), 460 (58.8%) and 805 (96.2%) of the transfusions, respectively. When the clinical picture was considered, prescription adequacy was higher compared to the use of the hemoglobin level alone (70.9% vs. 41%). The pICU had the highest correct trigger percentage (343 [71.6%]; p<0.001) while the ER showed more often adequate prescribed volumes (119 [66.1%]; p=0.020). The most common inadequacy regarding volume was that of prescriptions above the recommendation > 15 mL/kg found in 309 cases (36.9%). Thirty-two (32) RBC subtypes were requested and none were consistent with current recommendations. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study showed that RBC transfusion occurred more appropriately when the clinical picture was taken into account at request. There was a tendency to prescribe higher volumes and RBC subtypes without the justification of current protocols. Hemotherapic teachings at undergraduate level and medical residency must be improved.
Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a adequação na prescrição de concentrado de hemácias (CH) por pediatras em diferentes setores de um hospital pediátrico. Método: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo onde avaliamos 837/990 fichas de requisição de CH para crianças e adolescentes (0 a 13 anos), preenchidas entre janeiro de 2007 e abril de 2015 pelos médicos pediatras do pronto-socorro (PS), da enfermaria e da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Excluíram-se as transfusões realizadas em portadores de anemia crônica, crianças com hemorragia aguda e requisições incompletas. Resultados: Gatilho, volume prescrito e subtipo de concentrado de hemácias foram adequados em 532 (65,3%), 460 (58,8%) e 805 (96,2%) das transfusões, respectivamente. Quando foi considerado o quadro clínico, a adequação foi maior em comparação à prescrição pelo valor isolado da hemoglobina (70,9% vs. 41%). A UTI teve o maior percentual de acerto no gatilho (343 [71,6%]; p<0,001) e o PS, no volume prescrito (119 [66,1%]; p=0,020). A inadequação mais comum, em relação ao volume, foi a prescrição acima da recomendação (> 15 mL/kg, 309 [36,9%]). Foram solicitados 32 subtipos de CH e nenhum estava de acordo com as indicações atuais. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos mostram que a transfusão de CH aconteceu de forma mais adequada quando a situação clínica era levada em conta na solicitação. Houve uma tendência à prescrição de volumes elevados e de subtipos de hemácias não justificados segundo os protocolos atuais. É necessário melhorar o ensino de hemoterapia na graduação e residência médica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Critical Illness/therapy , Erythrocyte Transfusion/standards , Prescriptions/standards , Blood Volume , Hemoglobins/analysis , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/standards , Retrospective Studies , Utilization Review , Erythrocyte Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Service, Hospital/standardsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Preterm infants frequently require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Storage RBCs undergo many changes during storage periods. We aimed to compare the hemoglobin (Hb) correction effect according to the period of RBC storage and investigate the factors influencing Hb correction. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 289 patients who received RBC transfusion more than once in the NICU of Kosin University Gospel Hospital between February 2006 and March 2016. The subjects were classified into two storage groups: short-term (≤7 days, n=88) and long-term (>7 days, n=201), according to the period of RBC storage. We checked Hb levels by complete blood cell count tests conducted within 2 days before and 5 to 9 days after the first transfusion. We compared the Hb difference between the two groups and analyzed the factors influencing Hb correction. RESULTS: Excluding the use of an invasive ventilator, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical characteristics. There was no significant difference in the Hb correction effect between the two groups (P=0.537). Birth weight greater than 1,500 g, higher weight at transfusion, and larger volume of transfusion were significant prognostic factors affecting greater changes in Hb. In addition, surgery experience, higher Hb level at transfusion, and additional blood tests were found to be significantly associated with less changes in Hb. CONCLUSION: The RBC storage period did not affect the Hb correction effect. The Hb correction effect may be diminished in infants with lower birth weight and lower weight at transfusion under unstable clinical conditions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Birth Weight , Blood Cell Count , Erythrocyte Aging , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Hematologic Tests , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Medical Records , Premature Birth , Retrospective Studies , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
Introducción: la anemia tiene elevada prevalencia en niños críticamente enfermos. Se estima que entre un 15-50% de los niños ingresados en terapia intensiva recibirán una transfusión con glóbulos rojos (GR) durante su estadía. El objetivo fue realizar un diagnóstico de situación sobre el uso de GR en niños ingresados a UCIN con enfermedad respiratoria aguda. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las últimas 200 transfusiones realizadas en niños ingresados UCIN. De estas se seleccionaron las que fueron realizadas en niños con fallo respiratorio. Se registró valor de hemoglobina pre y postranfusional. Los resultados se cotejaron con un gold estándar seleccionado. Resultados: se identificaron 73 pacientes en total, en 4 casos se cumplió la recomendación considerada como gold standard. La edad media fue de 7,1 meses. La bronquiolitis fue la principal causa de fallo respiratorio. La mediana de hemoglobina (Hb) pretransfusión fue 8,2 g/dL. La latencia promedio hasta la realización de la transfusión fue de 1,4 días y la mediana de Hb postransfusión fue de 11,5 g/dL. No se encontró diferencia significativa en el valor de Hb pretransfusión agrupado según la necesidad de soporte respiratorio requerido. Conclusiones: se encontró una baja adherencia a las recomendaciones internacionales para el uso de GR en niños con insuficiencia respiratoria. Se plantea la protocolización del uso de GR en niños con fallo respiratorio.
Introduction: anemia is frequent in critically ill children. Between 15-50% of children hospitalized at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) will receive red blood cell transfusion during their intensive care unit (PICU) stay. The purpose of the present study was to diagnose current red blood cell transfusion practices in children with acute respiratory disease hospitalized in PICU. Methodology: a retrospective study was conducted analyzing the last 200 requests for red blood transfusions in children hospitalized in the PICU. The transfusions performed in children with acute respiratory failure secondary to acute respiratory disease were selected out of the initial 200 cases. Pre and post-transfusion hemoglobin values were recorded. Results were compared to the gold standard. Results: 73 of the 200 red blood cell transfusions met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of children included was 7.1 months. Bronchiolitis was the main cause of respiratory failure. Median pre-transfusion hemoglobin value was 8.2 g/dl and the post-transfusion value was 11.5 g/dl. Mean time since admission until transfusion was performed was 1.4 days. In 4/73 cases, recommendation selected as gold standard was followed. No significant differences were found in the pre- Hb value, grouped according to the need for required respiratory support. Conclusions: there was a low adherence to red blood cells transfusions recommendations for children with respiratory failure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects , Erythrocyte Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Anemia/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child, Hospitalized , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Critical Illness/therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A new unmatched type-O packed red blood cell (UORBC) storage system was established in Ajou University Hospital Trauma Center. This system was expected to deliver faster and more efficient transfusion. METHODS: On March 2016, a new blood storage bank was installed in the trauma bay. Sixty patients who received UORBC from March 2016 to August 2016 were compared with 50 traumatic shock patients who received transfusions at the trauma bay in 2015. Time of transfusion, mortality, adverse transfusion reaction and change of systolic blood pressure were reviewed. RESULTS: Transfusion time from arrival at the hospital was significantly shorter in 2016 (14.07±11.14 min vs. 34.72±15.17 min, p < 0.001), but 24-hour mortality was not significantly different (13.3% vs. 20.8%, p=0.292). Systolic blood pressure significantly increased after UORBC transfusion (92.49 mmHg to 107.15 mmHg, p=0.002). Of the 60 patients who received UORBC in trauma bay, 47 (78.3%) patients had an incompatible ABO type, but no adverse transfusion reaction was notated. CONCLUSION: UORBC allows early blood transfusion and improved systolic blood pressure without significant adverse reactions.
Subject(s)
Humans , ABO Blood-Group System , Bays , Blood Pressure , Blood Transfusion , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Mortality , Shock , Shock, Traumatic , Transfusion Reaction , Trauma CentersABSTRACT
Introduction: Blood transfusion remains a mainstay therapy in sickle cell disease (SCD).Transfusional therapy may be complicated by allo-immunisation due to exposure to foreign red cell antigens. However, the prevalence and patterns of atypical antibodies in Nigerian SCD has been sparsely reported majorly due to underdeveloped blood banking systems. A prospective study was therefore undertaken to assess patterns of blood transfusion and allo-immunisation among SCD patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was conducted among adult and paediatric SCD subjects seen at a sickle cell centre in Benin City, Nigeria. All subjects (parents in case of children) who gave consent/assent to the study were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain details on bio-data, SCD history and blood transfusion history. Blood specimen obtained from each participant was subjected to antibody screening/identification test using tube agglutination technique. Association of categorical variables was tested using chi-square or fisher exact test as appropriate. Results: Fifty five SCD patients were studied with a mean (SEM) age of 22.95 (1.66) years. More of the subjects (67.3%) were aged 15 years and above. 74.5% of the subjects have a past history of blood transfusion. Four (7.3%) of the subjects had unexpected erythrocyte allo-antibodies. Antibodies belonging to the Rh and Kell blood group systems were implicated. The risk of alloimmunisation increased with total lifetime transfusions (p = 0.002) Conclusion: Erythrocyte alloimmunisation is a significant therapy related complication in Nigerian SCD. Hydroxyurea use reduces transfusion requirements and should be maximized. There is need to upgrade local/regional transfusion services to include routine allo-antibody screening/identification as part of precompatibility testing particularly SCD patients who have received more than 10 units of red cell transfusion.